Summary Bullets:

• As rapid advances in AI application development drive demand for more processing capacity, US-based cloud providers are investing heavily in building out facilities to support these deployments.
• But not everyone is on board with expansion plans, with public criticism stalling some development efforts, forcing hyperscalers to pivot to new locations, often in more remote areas.

AI is changing the cloud landscape, creating the near-term need for a vast increase in processing power and storage space. Hyperscalers are responding with substantial facility construction plans. Just this year alone, Amazon Web Services, Google, and Microsoft Azure are pouring a total of $500 to $700 billion into extensions of their data center footprints. Given AI’s dominance in enterprise technology investment plans, this is a logical track. However, not everyone is on board with these aggressive development plans -and AI plays a role in that resistance.

Fifty-two percent of adults are more worried than excited about AI, according to results from a Pew Research Center survey of 3,488 adults fielded earlier this year. Those queried had trepidations related to AI about everything from job displacement and interference with human creativity to unreliable or even malicious output.

AI anxiety is translating into opposition to in-region data center expansion. A Gallup poll of 1,000 US adults conducted earlier this year, found that 71% of those surveyed are totally opposed to the building of new data center facilities used to support AI applications in their region. By comparison, 53% object to construction of a new nuclear energy plant – a perennially unpopular build in the US for decades.

Participants in the telephone survey cited several concerns related to the new data center expansion, primarily focused on resource consumption, cost, and quality-of-life impacts. Fifty percent said excessive resource requirements associated with these builds in areas like water and energy consumption along with secondary effects such as loss of farmland, wildlife, and deforestation are behind their resistance to facilities’ expansion in their areas. Twenty-two cited concerns about property values and increased traffic. Another 20 percent noted that new data centers might bring higher utility costs and cost of living expenses.

Localities are hearing and responding to this resistance to data center expansion. Due to regional complaints, more than $100 billion in facility buildouts was stopped or disrupted in just one quarter. Over 550 local governments have suspended new facility construction or stopped issuing new permits.

Industry observers warn that impeding expansion could have unintended harmful consequences, including hindering the establishment of effective cyber defenses against hostile adversaries and creating barriers to the development and deployment of technological innovations. But cloud providers have been adept at circumventing obstacles to expansion, finding locations in more remote areas that are more hospitable to new facility construction.

Hyperscalers and other cloud providers are targeting more rural areas in the South and Midwest, and more remote locales in states like Oklahoma, Maine, and Virginia. Nearly half of all new data center builds are in the south, with states like Texas being hot spots.